#!/bin/bash
##
##     EasyOptions 2015.2.28 Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Renato Silva BSD licensed
##
## This script is supposed to parse command line arguments in a way that, even though its implementation is not trivial, it should be easy and smooth to use.
## For using this script, simply document your target script using double-hash comments, like this:
##
##     ## Program Name v1.0 Copyright (C) Someone
##     ##
##     ## This program does something. Usage:
##     ##     @#script.name [option]
##     ##
##     ## Options:
##     ##     -h, --help All client scripts have this by default,
##     ##                             it shows this double-hash documentation.
##     ##
##     ##     -o, --option This option will get stored as option=yes.
##     ##                             Long version is mandatory, and can be specified before or after short version.
##     ##
##     ##         --some-boolean This will get stored as some_boolean=yes.
##     ##
##     ##         --some-value=VALUE This will get stored as some_value=VALUE,
##     ##                             where VALUE is the actual value specified. The equal sign is optional and can be replaced with blank space. Short version
##     ##                             is not available in this format.
##
## The above comments work both as source code documentation and as help text, as well as define the options supported by your script. Parsing of the options
## from such documentation is quite slow, but at least there is not any duplication of the options specification. The string @#script.name will be replaced with
## the actual script name.
##
## After writing your documentation, you simply source this script. Then all command line options will get parsed into the corresponding variables, as described
## above. You can then check their values for reacting to them. Regular arguments will be available in the $arguments array.
##
## In fact, this script is an example of itself. You are seeing this help message either because you are reading the source code, or you have called the script
## in command line with the --help option.
##
## For better speed, you may want to define the options in source code yourself, so they do not need to be parsed from the documentation. The side effect is
## that when changing them, you will need to update both the documentation and the source code. You define the options statically like this:
##
##
##     options=(o=option some-boolean some-value=?)
##
show_error() {
    echo "Error: $1." >&2
    echo "See --help for usage and options." >&2
}
parse_documentation() {
    documentation="$(grep "^##" "$(which "$0")")(no-trim)"
    documentation=$(echo "$documentation" | sed -r "s/## ?//" | sed -r "s/@script.name/$(basename "$0")/g" | sed "s/@#/@/g")
    documentation=${documentation%(no-trim)}
}
parse_options() {
    local short_option_vars
    local short_options
    local documentation
    local next_is_value
    local argument
    local option
    local option_name
    local option_value
    local option_var
    local known_option
    local known_option_name
    local known_option_var
    # Parse known options from documentation
    if [[ -z ${options+defined} ]]; then
        parse_documentation
        while read -r line; do
            case "$line" in
                "-h, --help"*) continue ;;
                "--help, -h"*) continue ;;
                -*," "--*) option=$(echo "$line" | awk -F'(^-|, --| )' '{ print $2"="$3 }') ;;
                --*," "-*) option=$(echo "$line" | awk -F'(--|, -| )' '{ print $3"="$2 }') ;;
                --*=*) option=$(echo "$line" | awk -F'(--|=| )' '{ print $2"=?" }') ;;
                --*" "*) option=$(echo "$line" | awk -F'(--| )' '{ print $2 }') ;;
                *) continue ;;
            esac
            options+=("$option")
        done <<< "$documentation"
    fi
    options+=(h=help)
    arguments=()
    # Prepare known options
    for option in "${options[@]}"; do
        option_var=${option#*=}
        option_name=${option%=$option_var}
        if [[ "${#option_name}" = "1" ]]; then
            short_options="${short_options}${option_name}"
            if [[ "${#option_var}" > "1" ]]; then
                short_option_vars+=("$option_var")
            fi
        fi
    done
    # Extract regular arguments
    index=1
    parameters=()
    for argument in "$@"; do
        if [[ "$argument" = -* ]]; then
            parameters+=("$argument")
            for known_option in "${options[@]}"; do
                known_option_var=${known_option#*=}
                known_option_name=${known_option%=$known_option_var}
                if [[ "$known_option_var" = "?" && "$argument" = --$known_option_name ]]; then
                    next_is_value="yes"
                    break
                fi
            done
        else
            if [[ -z "$next_is_value" ]]; then
                arguments+=("${!index}")
            else
                parameters+=("$argument")
            fi
            next_is_value=""
        fi
        index=$((index + 1))
    done
    set -- "${parameters[@]}"
    # Parse the provided options
    while getopts ":${short_options}-:" option; do
        option="${option}${OPTARG}"
        option_value=""
        # Set the corresponding variable for known options
        for known_option in "${options[@]}" "${short_option_vars[@]}"; do
            known_option_var=${known_option#*=}
            known_option_name=${known_option%=$known_option_var}
            # Short option
            if [[ "$option" = "$known_option_name" ]]; then

            # Short option
            if [[ "$option" = "$known_option_name" ]]; then
                option_value="yes"
                known_option_var=$(echo "$known_option_var" | tr "-" "_")
                eval "$known_option_var=\"$option_value\""
                break
            # Long option
            elif [[ "$option" = -$known_option_name && "$known_option_var" != "?" ]]; then
                option_value="yes"
                known_option_var=$(echo "$known_option_var" | tr "-" "_")
                eval "$known_option_var=\"$option_value\""
                break
            # Long option with value in next parameter
            elif [[ "$option" = -$known_option_name && "$known_option_var" = "?" ]]; then
                eval option_value="\$$OPTIND"
                if [[ -z "$option_value" || "$option_value" = -* ]]; then
                    show_error "you must specify a value for --$known_option_name"
                    exit 1
                fi
                OPTIND=$((OPTIND + 1))
                known_option_var=$(echo "$known_option_name" | tr "-" "_")
                eval "$known_option_var=\"$option_value\""
                break
            # Long option with value after equal sign
            elif [[ "$option" = -$known_option_name=* && "$known_option_var" = "?" ]]; then
                option_value=${option#*=}
                known_option_var=$(echo "$known_option_name" | tr "-" "_")
                eval "$known_option_var=\"$option_value\""
                break
            # Long option with unnecessary value
            elif [[ "$option" = -$known_option_name=* && "$known_option_var" != "?" ]]; then
                option_value=${option#*=}
                show_error "--$known_option_name does not accept a value, you specified \"$option_value\""
                exit 1
            fi
        done
        # Unknown option
        if [[ -z "$option_value" ]]; then
        # Unknown option
        if [[ -z "$option_value" ]]; then
            option=${option%%=*}
            [[ "$option" = \?* ]] && option=${option#*\?}
            show_error "unrecognized option -$option"
            exit 1
        fi
        # Help option
        if [[ -n "$help" ]]; then
            [[ -z "$documentation" ]] && parse_documentation
            echo "$documentation"
            exit
        fi
    done
}
parse_options "$@"